Difference Between High Availability and Fault Tolerance
High Availability (HA) #
The ability to resolve failures and continue service, requiring preparation for failure scenarios.
Fault Tolerance #
The ability to continue service even in the event of a failure, requiring an architecture that is unaffected by failure scenarios.

Disaster Recovery #
Literally, recovering from a failure.
Scalability and Elasticity #

Scalability #
The ability to easily and quickly increase scale.
Primarily, expanding computing power or capacity based on demand.

Elasticity #
The ability to expand or contract computing power/capacity based on demand.
An essential ability for cost optimization by avoiding the use of unnecessary resources.